Types of Land in Telangana 

Pattalands:

Lands owned by individuals with legal ownership documents (pattas) issued by the government.

Government lands: 

Lands owned and managed directly by the government, not allocated for individual ownership.

 Lavuni patta / Assigned lands:

Originally owned by the government, Lavuni patta lands are assigned to landless poor families for agricultural cultivation. These families possess usufruct rights, allowing them to use and benefit from the land, but full ownership remains with the government. As such, these lands cannot be traded or leased and must be strictly used for agricultural purposes. While not ownable in the traditional sense, they can be inherited by subsequent generations within the allotted family.

Ceiling patta lands:

Following land reform initiatives like the Ceiling Acts implemented in various Indian states, agricultural lands exceeding the designated limit were acquired from landlords and distributed to landless poor families. These families, while not having full ownership rights, often possess usufruct rights, granting them the right to use and cultivate the land for agricultural purposes. This redistribution aimed to address land inequality and provide landless families with a means of livelihood.

Inam lands:

 Lands are granted rent-free by the government or nizams to individuals or institutions for services rendered or for religious or charitable purposes. The ownership and rights associated with Inam lands vary depending on their classification. While the government/nizams retain ultimate ownership, grantees enjoy usufruct rights, enabling them to utilize and derive benefits from the land, often with the right to inherit it. However, the use of Inam lands is subject to restrictions. For instance, they may be designated solely for agricultural purposes or specified for particular beneficiaries. Moreover, certain lands have the potential to be converted into patta lands by obtaining an occupancy rights survey.

Protected Tenancy - 38E:

Protected tenants, under Section 38-E of the Andhra Pradesh (Telangana Area) Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1950, can acquire full ownership of the land. Upon obtaining this ownership under Section 38-E, the land becomes full patta land and enjoys equal rights as any other patta land.

Sikham or Full Tank Level (FTL) lands:

Shikam land refers to areas located around or within the waterlogged boundaries of lakes and irrigation tanks. These areas typically remain submerged or under the full tank level for a significant portion of the year. The lands belong to the Irrigation Department of the government. 

Endowment lands:

In Telangana, endowment land specifically refers to land belonging to Hindu religious institutions and endowments. These institutions include temples, mutts, dharamsalas, and other similar establishments. The lands are managed by the Telangana Endowments Department. Endowment lands are owned by the respective Hindu religious institutions or deities they represent. However, the Telangana Endowments Department acts as a custodian and manages the lands on behalf of these institutions.

Forest lands:

Lands designated as forests by the government and protected under Forest Acts. Cultivation or other activities are restricted on these lands.

Waqf lands:

Waqf lands in Telangana refer to properties dedicated to charitable or religious purposes, usually Mosques, within the Muslim community. These lands are held in trust through the concept of Waqf, a legal Islamic endowment governed by the Waqf Act, 1995. Waqf lands are managed by a committee appointed by the Telangana State Waqf Board.

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